1 (25 points). Labor economists andothers have a long tradition of trying to establish causal linksbetween features of the classroom environment and children’slearning, an area of investigation that we call educationproduction. This terminology reflects the fact that we think offeatures of the school environment as inputs that cost money, whilethe output that schools produce is student learning. A key questionin research on education production is which inputs produce themost learning given their costs. One of the most expensive inputsis class size – since smaller classes can only be had by hiringmore teachers. It is therefore important to know whether
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